from __future__ import print_function

import binascii

print(binascii.b2a_hex('AAA'))
print(binascii.a2b_hex('414141'))

import codecs

print(codecs.encode('AAA', 'hex'))
print(codecs.decode('414141', 'hex'))

print('AAA'.encode('hex'))
print('414141'.decode('hex'))

import base64

print(base64.b64encode('Hello World'))
print(base64.b64decode('SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ='))

import codecs

print(codecs.encode('Hello World', 'base64'))
print(codecs.decode('SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=', 'base64'))

import binascii

print(binascii.b2a_base64('Hello World'))
print(binascii.a2b_base64('SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ='))

print('Hello World'.encode('base64'))
print('SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ='.decode('base64'))

import struct

print(struct.pack('<I', 1337))
print(struct.pack('>I', 1337))
print(struct.unpack('!I', '\x00\x00\x059'))

import hashlib

md = hashlib.sha1() # md5(), sha256(), ..., pbkdf2_hmac()
# or 
md = hashlib.new('sha1')

md.update('Hello World')
print(md.hexdigest())
print(repr(md.digest()))

import codecs

print(codecs.encode('Hello World', 'rot13'))
print(codecs.decode('Uryyb Jbeyq', 'rot13'))

print('Hello World'.encode('rot13'))
print('Uryyb Jbeyq'.decode('rot13'))